Most irregular migrants will have entered their country of destination in a regular and lawful manner. Having lapsed into a situation of irregularity after entry, many will have already established their presence in society, albeit one that is extremely precarious. Few states have an untroubled record of handling or "managing" migration, and very few have dealt effectively with irregular migration. Across the world, migrants suffer exploitation (mainly by employers), mistreatment (by employers and official authorities), and discrimination (from employers, the authorities and society at large). During their journey, migrants often take great risks to circumvent official frontier or police controls, and many die en route, sometimes in appalling circumstances. Read the Summary here.