For several years it has been recognized that trafficking in human beings for various exploitative purposes occurs on a massive scale, hat victim identification is a necessary element in addressing this crime, and that police play a crucial role in the identification of victims. At the same time, police are regularly criticized for not effectively identifying victims, who subsequently end up detained or deported as irregular migrants. The OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings24 and other Ministerial Council decisions and declarations mandate the OSCE Strategic Police Matters Unit (SPMU) to address trafficking in human beings. To contribute to improved victim identification, the SPMU has prepared this guidebook for law enforcement officers on early identification of both potential and presumed victims of trafficking in human beings. It builds on previous community policing activities, particularly the publication “Good Practices in Building Police-Public Partnerships.”